Phobias And Addictions

Operant teach is accomplishment that results when an organism associates a rejoinder that occurs spontaneously with a particular environmental effect (Kowalski & Westen, 2009). Essentially, it is the office of consequences to contour styles. B.F Skinner identified three types of responses that can describe behavior. They ar: neural operants, reinforcers, and punishers. Neural operants are responses from the environment that neither increase nor decrease the probability of a behavior existence repeated. Reinforcers, however, are responses from the environment that increase the probability of a behavior occurring again. It is important to remember that reinforcers can be either positivistic or negative. Last, punishers are responses from the environment that decrease the chance of a behavior being repeated. Punishment weakens behavior (Mcleod, 2007). One display case of operant conditioning is a student completing surplus questions on his or her home reverse to earn extra points from the teacher. This ideal shows how behavior can be increased by the shout out of a reward. Operant conditioning can also work the opposite way, by decreasing a behavior. For example, a farm may tell a child they cannot play his or her computer game if they hit a sibling. The potential for punishment can decrease the unwanted behavior of hitting.




Operant conditioning can be seen in just about every(prenominal) activity that occurs daily, including addiction. Addiction, in this context, is a condition in which the dead body must have a drug to avoid personal and psychological withdrawal symptoms. When animals and humans feel pleasure or pain, chemicals called neurotransmitters are released into the brain. These neurotransmitters are a necessary part of the learning process which takes place in the brain. Neurotransmitters reinforce the newly make neural pathways that are associated with the newly learned behaviors. The use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs are prime examples of operant conditioning (HAMS, 2008). Consider...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay



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