What Is a Global Manager?
by Christopher A. bartlett pear and Sumantra Ghoshal
It is hard today to use the vword internationalization with issue a sure sense of irony, rueful or otherwise. Riven by ideology, religion, and mistrust, the world seems to a greater extent fragmented, more at odds, than at anytimesince, arguably, World War II. still however deep the political divisions, business operations stay put to span the globe, and executives still have to figure out how to leave them efficiently and well. The question that Christopher Bartiett and Sumantra Choshal pose-What is a global manager?-seems thusly even more pressing than itdid when their article originally appeared in these pages n years ago. Their answer, too, feels particularly timely. There is no such(prenominal) thing,they write,as a universal global manager. Multinational companies sooner require three kinds of specialists-business managers, country managers, and functional managers-and a couch of senior executives to nurture the specialists and coordinate their efforts. Bartlett and Ghoshal provide comprehensively researched examples of all four types of managers, exploring the various skills and perspectives they require to succeed.
Their article lays out a model for a management structure that balances the local, regional, and global demands placed on companies operating across the worlds many borders.
If your operations span the globe, you need to develop three very different kinds of managers and then unite them in a common purpose.
IN THE EARLY STAGES of its drive ovei-
seas, Coming Glass hired an American ex-ambassador to head up its international division. He had excellent contacts in the governments of many nations and could converse in several languages, but he was less familiar with Coming and its businesses. In contrast, ITT decided to tog up a massive educational program to globalize all managers responsible for its worldwide telecom business - in essence, to replace
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